how do they do a bone density test

A bone density test is a medical imaging technique that measures the amount of mineral content, particularly calcium, in a person's bones. This test, also known as dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) scan, is the most common method used to diagnose osteoporosis and assess the risk of fractures.

Here are the steps involved in a bone density test:

  1. Preparation: You will need to wear loose-fitting, comfortable clothing and avoid wearing anything that has metal fasteners, such as buttons or zippers. You may also be asked to remove any jewelry or other metal objects before the test.

  2. Positioning: You will lie on a padded table, usually face up or face down, while a technician positions a special machine over the area being scanned. The most common areas scanned are the hip and spine.

  3. Scanning: The machine sends a thin, low-dose X-ray beam through the bone being examined. The X-rays are absorbed differently by bone and soft tissue, so the amount of radiation that passes through the bone can be measured. The machine takes two pictures of the area being scanned, each from a slightly different angle.

  4. Analysis: The images are analyzed by a computer, which calculates the bone mineral density (BMD) of the scanned area. The BMD is compared to the average BMD of healthy adults of the same sex and age.

  5. Results: The results of the bone density test are usually expressed in two ways: as a T-score and as a Z-score. The T-score compares your BMD to that of a healthy young adult, while the Z-score compares your BMD to that of someone of your own age and sex.

The entire procedure usually takes about 10-20 minutes to complete, and the level of radiation exposure is very low. Your doctor will use the results of the bone density test to determine if you have osteoporosis or are at risk for fractures, and to help develop a treatment plan if necessary.




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